Perpetual calendar with the days of the week, planets, and seasons

This engraved calendrical and mythological chart was sold by Jeremias Sautter, a clockmaker in Salzburg, and engraved by Johann Spiegel, whose signature appears at lower right. Rather than a geographical map, it is a printed time-reckoning diagram, combining the days of the week, planetary rulers, lunar phases, months, seasons, sunrise and sunset, and the changing lengths of day and night.

At the centre is a circular calendar marked with months, numbered days, lunar phases, stars, and the sun. Around it are personifications of the seven planetary rulers of the days of the week: Sol for Sunday, Luna for Monday, Mars for Tuesday, Mercury for Wednesday, Jupiter for Thursday, Venus for Friday, and Saturn for Saturday. Each is represented through mythological attributes: Sol appears above the chart as the sun; Luna is shown with the crescent moon; Mars carries weapons; Mercury has winged attributes and a caduceus; Jupiter holds lightning; Venus is accompanied by Cupid; and Saturn appears with an aged, time-associated figure.

The four seasons frame the chart. Frühling is represented with flowers and garden tools, Sommer with grain and harvest imagery, Herbst with grapes and wine-making abundance, and Winter with bare trees, firewood, and heavy clothing. Together, these figures connect celestial cycles with seasonal labour and the rhythms of daily life.

The print reflects an early modern understanding of time in which astronomy, astrology, mythology, seasonal change, and practical calculation were closely connected. Its rotating circular format and German labels suggest both visual display and functional use, allowing the viewer to relate calendar dates to planetary days, lunar phases, feast days, sunrise and sunset, and the changing length of day and night.